Where we are now

In 2023, MnDOT released ten alternatives to the public for improving I-94. Project team members attended community events, gave presentations, and worked with community partners to share the alternatives and gather feedback. This feedback was used to determine if additional alternatives needed to be developed and to identify opportunities for refining the already developed alternatives.

MnDOT is now evaluating the alternatives based on the evaluation criteria shared with the public and will recommend eliminating alternatives that fail to meet the criteria The results of the evaluation process will be shared in fall of 2024 or early winter of 2025. The following funnel graphic shows the criteria each alternative needs to meet to move forward.

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MnDOT will then prepare a Scoping Document/Draft Scoping Decision Document that outlines the process completed to date. This document will be released to the public for comment and a public meeting will be held on the document. A formal public comment period is expected to be announced later in 2025. The Scoping Document/Draft Scoping Decision Document will make a recommendation for alternatives that should be further studied in the Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

Following the public comment period and public meeting, MnDOT will review comments and make revisions as needed. A final Scoping Document/Scoping Decision Document will then be prepared. Once the document is finalized, the scoping portion of the environmental documentation is complete. The project will then proceed to the Tier 1 EIS phase of the project.

Schedule

The project is in the environmental process phase. The environmental process is an orderly process. We will update the information and materials on this site as we continue through the process.

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Click to download a fully accessible PDF version of this schedule.

Public engagement summary

MnDOT shared a summary of the public engagement efforts to promote the alternatives and online survey. Engagement supporting the release of the alternatives took place from June to November 2023. The summary includes a high-level overview of the following engagement activities:

• Online public survey that received over 3,500 responses;
• Outreach events and meetings MnDOT attended, hosted, and presented at;
• Participation in community and neighborhood events and the feedback we received from numerous community members, neighborhood and community organizations, and special interest groups.

The Rethinking I-94 online survey was open from July - October 2023. The survey was designed for community members and stakeholders to provide open-ended feedback on the 10 alternatives MnDOT presented in July 2023. This summary presents the survey results broken down by demographics for further insights.

Rethinking I-94 Community Voices provides community members the opportunity to share stories of how they live, work, play, and commute on and near I-94.

Public engagement and community feedback is key to the Rethinking I-94 process. The Community Voices stories not only inform us of public opinions and community needs but shows the public the many ways the I-94 corridor is used and how transportation decisions affect peoples’ everyday lives.

Read our feature profiles below to learn more about each of our community members. We will be sharing more profiles so make sure to sign up for email updates to get alerts when new profiles are added.

To provide feedback on Rethinking I-94 please email rethinkingI94project.dot@state.mn.us or leave a comment or question.

MnDOT Community Voices serves as a platform for community members to share their perspectives, experiences and opinions related to I-94. The views expressed by participants in MnDOT Community Voices are solely their own and do not reflect the official stance or views of MnDOT. This engagement initiative is designed to gather diverse input and feedback from the community, and the opinions shared do not imply MnDOT's endorsement or agreement with any specific viewpoint.

All Community Voices photographs by Liam James Doyle.

Kate B.

Frogtown/Midway

Originally from North Dakota, Kate B. moved to St. Paul in 2017 to start a job with a labor union representing public service workers.

Kate lives in the Frogtown/Midway neighborhood and relies on I-94 for her daily commute to Twin Cities suburbs and beyond, where she conducts programming, training, and events for her job. With a varying schedule and a substantial amount of materials to transport daily, she values the reliability and convenience of using her car.

When Kate is not working, she likes to walk or bike over to iPho by Saigon for dinner or The Black Hart of Saint Paul for a drink. As a big fan of hockey and live music, she enjoys the convenience of walking or biking to the Xcel Energy Center. For longer trips, such as visiting family in South Minneapolis, the eastern suburbs, and St. Cloud, Kate and her partner take I-94 by car.

Kate envisions Rethinking I-94 will enhance her neighborhood by fostering new development, particularly around the Dale Street and Lexington Parkway exits. She believes revitalizing this portion of I-94 and the surrounding area will help fill vacant lots near her home, boosting both safety and community pride.

Kate worries a larger freeway would negatively impact the feel of her neighborhood and thinks a smaller freeway would be more hospitable to the area and preserve the character of the area. She is invested in the future of her community and got involved with Rethinking I-94 to make sure the interests of her neighborhood were heard.

Prospect Park

Serafina S. lives in Prospect Park and works in downtown Minneapolis. She prefers to commute by cycling. When she needs to visit other sites, she usually cycles, rain or shine, but will drive if it’s more than 15 miles round trip. If there’s snow or ice on the street, she takes the METRO Green Line to her office.

Serafina’s neighborhood, Prospect Park, is historic. Prospect Park was among the neighborhoods impacted by the construction of I-94 in the 1960s, as the new interstate cut through the community and threatened its rich heritage. Despite these challenges, residents have preserved the neighborhood’s history and charm. The neighborhood’s green spaces, bike trails, and river views make it an interesting place to bike and play.

Serafina rides bikes recreationally as well as for transportation, often cycling up and down the Mississippi River, to her children’s school, and to Merriam Park with her son for his saxophone lesson. She feels that I-94 is a barrier for her family and creates a safety hazard as they navigate around it by bike.

Serafina thinks cars are prioritized over people. She is concerned about high rates of asthma and cancer among residents in her neighborhood. She wants the children in her neighborhood to have the opportunity to play outside without having to suffer the harms of highway noise and pollution.

Safe driving is a top concern for Serafina because her family gets to work and school by bicycle. She broke her wrist in a bike accident avoiding a driver who was swerving around an illegally parked car. Other family members have been injured by unsafe driving as well. When cycling or walking to get around the city, she finds crossing near highway ramps to be dangerous because of high speeds on frontage roads.

When Serafina considers the future of I-94, she hopes that people along the highway can benefit from planning to mitigate current harms and negative impacts. She supports shrinking or removing I-94 to improve noise pollution and air quality and meet MnDOT climate goals of reducing vehicle miles traveled. She thinks reduced travel speeds will also help improve safety.

Sharon G.

Rondo

Sharon G. recalls the construction of the 259-mile east-west Interstate 94 highway. In the late 1950s and 1960s, a significant section of the freeway passed through the Rondo Neighborhood of Saint Paul where her family lived.

As a young person, she experienced the turmoil, sense of loss, and degradation that followed the demolition of over 300 units of businesses, homes, recreational facilities, and gathering spaces, which were dismantled and removed, building by building and block by block.

She witnessed the pain and suffering of families forced to endure a large void in their community for nearly a decade. The aftermath of lost property due to social covenance, combined with the urban renewal displacement project, took a devastating toll on the community.

In the mid-1970s, urban renewal resulted in demolition of approximately 300 additional homes in the Rondo Neighborhood, specifically between Dale and Western Sts. and University and St. Anthony Aves. This redevelopment impacted Rondo residents for a second time, further adding to their anguish and despair without fair compensation or reconciliation. The redeveloped land was intended for Rondo residents displaced by the I-94 construction, aiming to create new housing and a new community. This led to the establishment of the Central Village Neighborhood and Park, the first suburban style development in Saint Paul. Many original families, including Sharon and her husband Rev. Gerald, still reside in the community, which celebrated its 50th anniversary on July 13, 2024.

For most Rondo residents, using the freeway became part of daily life. Sharon relied on I-94 to commute from Saint Paul to Minneapolis for over 20 years during her banking career. Nowadays, the freeway serves as a convenient means for shopping, attending sports events, and traveling both locally and nationally.

Sharon became involved with Rethinking I-94 because she believes it is vital for her community to have a say in the planning and decision-making process for future projects that affect them. Many individuals were displaced without their consent or any recourse, paying a heavy price for the creation of the highway system. She is passionate about preventing any further disruption to her community and does not want to see I-94 removed. She wants to ensure that her community's voices are heard.

Greg M.

Elliot Park

In the heart of downtown Minneapolis, within the Elliot Park neighborhood, Greg M., lives with his dog. His days are a blend of freelance copy editing and the lively world of bar trivia hosting.

Greg embraces his neighborhood. He walks his dog past charming cafes, inviting pubs, and discovers hidden gems along the way.

For Greg, transportation is not about the convenience of a car. Greg bikes or walks everywhere he needs to go. He enjoys a quick walk to the Eagle on Washington Ave for a relaxing evening or to Eat Street Crossing for dinner. He also catches a game at Target Field or Target Center. Greg views each place as an opportunity to connect with his community.

Prioritization of cars over walkability often leaves Greg feeling uneasy. Greg is passionate about safer streets, stricter traffic enforcement, and safer infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists. His daily walks are not without their hazards as he navigates around speeding cars coming off of I-94.

Since 2016, Greg has lived with a seizure disorder that has prevented him from driving. He relies on bikes, scooters, rideshares, and public transit to get around the city. Moving from Lansing, Michigan to downtown Minneapolis has offered him the ability to access downtown attractions and minimized the need for a car.

Greg's interest in Rethinking I-94 comes from hope for transportation and transit improvements. He is particularly interested in dedicated bus rapid transit (BRT) lanes on I-94. He believes improvements could reduce traffic congestion, and enhance mobility options across Minneapolis, making it easier for non-car users to get around.

Mario L.G.

New Hope

Mario L.G. starts his day at home in New Hope. Mario and his dad own a father/son business specializing in asbestos abatement. His home near Highway 100 is convenient for this daily routine. Five days a week he uses Highway 100, I-394 and I-94 to visit clients and job sites.

When he is not working, Mario spends his free time cheering on Minnesota sport teams. Mario frequently uses I-94 to get to sporting events. Whether he is spending a summer afternoon at a St. Paul Saints game, a winter evening with the Minnesota Wild, or catching a Minnesota United game, Mario appreciates how easy it is to get to downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul from the northern suburbs. He typically drives his own car, but sometimes he will drive to a light rail station and come into the cities that way. He and his family also use I-94 for occasional trips to Milwaukee to explore a new city and try new restaurants.

Mario’s access to I-94 is important to his daughter’s health. She was born with a condition requiring continued care for the next several years. The family makes frequent trips to Gillette Children’s Hospital in St. Paul.

He engaged in Rethinking I-94 because he and other skilled tradespeople rely on I-94 for efficient travel between job sites. He is concerned about safety, congestion, and high speeds. He knows that the history of I-94 is complicated, including the legacy of Rondo, but, to Mario, maintaining I-94 or expanding it is about the future for him, his family, and the region’s economic growth.

Austin W.

Union Park

Austin W. lives in the Union Park neighborhood of St. Paul. His apartment, between University Avenue and I-94, is where he begins his daily commute to downtown St. Paul.

Each morning, Austin uses the Green Line light rail to commute from his apartment to his office downtown. The Green Line is convenient, saves him time and money, and helps shape his daily activities. Austin often patronizes the local businesses along University Avenue, which makes his neighborhood feel like home.

Aldi and Target are his go-to spots for groceries and errands. He can easily hop off the light rail after work and pick up essentials without needing a car. The Merriam Park Public Library offers him a quiet place to read and relax. Coffee shops like Gingko Coffeehouse and restaurants such as Mario’s Pizza on Marshall Avenue provide places to gather with friends. These places are easily accessible to Austin, all within a 30-minute walk or a quick transit or bike ride.

Austin faces challenges as a non-driver in a city where cars often take precedence over people. He experiences long wait times at pedestrian crossings, such as the one at Snelling Avenue. As he goes about his day, he is always aware of the presence of I-94. Austin feels the highway has created a divide through the community, making it more challenging to get around.

Austin moved to St. Paul from Vancouver, Canada where he never needed a car. Vancouver has a robust public transit system and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. Austin deliberately chose to live along the Green Line to avoid needing a car. He said it was not a cost saving measure, but a lifestyle choice.

He is an advocate for improved public transit and urban planning. He wants to see his community grow and thrive. Austin has engaged in the Rethinking I-94 process because of the opportunity to transform his neighborhood into a more connected and livable place.

Austin hopes for a future where every neighborhood is as accessible and convenient as Union Park, where living car-free is a viable choice.

Mercedes Y.

Rondo

Mercedes Y., known as Mizz Mercedez in the Rondo community, loves being at the heart of everything. In 2021, she and her family moved from Shoreview back to the Rondo neighborhood in St. Paul—a place Mercedes has always called home. As a proud Rondo descendant, she cherishes being surrounded by family, friends, and community, where she feels a strong sense of belonging.

With I-94 just behind her backyard, Mercedes finds convenience in its proximity, especially as a busy mother of four boys. The freeway keeps her connected as she shuttles them to school, after-school activities, and sports. On weekends, you’ll likely find them hosting community events at Central Village Park, visiting Como Zoo, catching a downtown concert, or cheering at a Timberwolves game at Target Center.

Mercedes previously worked for the Saint Paul Public School District, often traveling along I-94 between schools. Now, she enjoys a shorter commute, biking to her role as a Community Engagement Director at 825 Arts. Her work centers on amplifying the arts and creating safe spaces that honor the rich history of the Rondo community. Known throughout her neighborhood, she frequently documents community events with the hashtag #YoKidzFavoriteTeacher.

Biking around the neighborhood is a favorite pastime for Mercedes and her family, often crossing I-94 via the Dale Street Overpass, where she feels safest. They explore local businesses along Lexington and Grand Avenues, enjoying stops at their favorite pho shop, Trieu Chau, and 2 Scoops Ice Cream.

Walking is another beloved activity for Mercedes and her family. They often stroll to nearby spots like the Martin Luther King Center for basketball or Flava Café for a snack.

Mercedes is deeply invested in the future of her neighborhood and is passionate about how transportation options will shape their lives. She envisions innovative solutions like solar-powered roads and infrastructure for electric vehicles, ensuring these projects benefit the community. Additionally, she advocates for public art installations that honor Rondo’s history and preserve its legacy.

Through her involvement with Rethinking I-94, Mercedes is committed to ensuring her community has a voice in shaping its future. As someone with deep ties to Rondo, she believes it is essential to champion its thriving culture and keep the memory of Rondo alive for generations to come.

Get ready for an exciting, hands-on eight-week experience! We are recruiting for a Youth Leadership Program centered around Rethinking I-94.

This program is perfect for high school students in grades 10-11 who are ready to explore leadership, research, community engagement, and career and job opportunities in the transportation field.

If you live or go to school near the Rethinking I-94 corridor (between the downtowns of Minneapolis and St. Paul), this is your chance to dive into the real world of transportation planning, environmental review, design and engineering, highway construction and maintenance, and community engagement. Whether you intend to go into the skilled trades, to college, or are simply interested in these topics, we encourage you to apply.

Through this program, you’ll receive:

• An inside scoop on the I-94 corridor and MnDOT’s Rethinking I-94 process
• Insights into what careers in transportation look like
• Presentations from experts in the field
• Potential field trip/tour
• Experience completing a self-selected independent project
• The opportunity to present your independent project to MnDOT leadership
• Reimbursement for your time and participation, up to $18.75 an hour up (not to exceed $600)
• A great experience to add to your resume or college application

Sessions will tentatively be held Tuesdays from 4 - 6 p.m. from February to March 2025. Meetings will be hosted at locations that are easily accessible by transit.

Program expectations

If you are selected, you will be responsible for:

• Your participation in all eight sessions
• Completion of assignments in between sessions
• Selection and completion of an independent project
• Transportation to and from sessions

How to apply

There are four ways to submit your application for this program.

1. Fill out the online form and submit.
2. Download the paper application (PDF), fill it out electronically, and email the completed application to rethinkingI94project.dot@state.mn.us or Renee.Raduenz@state.mn.us
3. Download the paper application (PDF), print and fill it out by hand. Scan or take a clear picture of the completed application and email to rethinkingI94project.dot@state.mn.us or Renee.Raduenz@state.mn.us
4. Download the paper application (PDF), fill out electronically and print, or print and fill it out by hand. Mail the completed application to:

Minnesota Department of Transportation
Rethinking I-94 Office, Attn: Youth Leadership Program
1500 W County Road B2
Roseville, MN 55113

Please fill out all sections completely. Incomplete applications may not be considered. Applications are due by Tuesday, December 31, 2024.

Contact

For more information and questions call, text or email:

Renee Raduenz
651-666-7229
Renee.Raduenz@state.mn.us

Upcoming meetings

Fri, Jan. 17
Virtual Policy Advisory Committee Meeting
9:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
Register for the meeting

More about this meeting

Please join us for a Policy Advisory Committee (PAC) meeting on Fri, Jan. 17, 2025 from 9:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. During this meeting, we will discuss with the PAC updates from our last meeting, information about outreach and engagement efforts, and an overview of alternatives, including preliminary recommendations. There will be a verbal public comment period at the end of the meeting.

Members of the public will have the opportunity to sign up and provide up to two minutes of comments with MnDOT and the PAC. We are requesting that each speaker limit themselves to one, 2-minute comment. To provide a comment, public participants must register prior to 9:30 a.m. the day of the meeting (Jan. 17, 2025). If members of the public would like to request an opportunity to provide a comment during the meeting, they can email rethinkingI94project.dot@state.mn.us.

Past meetings

Alternatives public meetings

Aug. 23, 2023: Virtual public meetings

• Alternatives public meeting recording Hmong translation
• Alternatives public meeting recording Karen translation
• Alternatives public meeting recording Oromo translation
• Alternatives public meeting recording Somali translation
• Alternatives public meeting recording Spanish translation

Aug. 24, 2023: In-person meetings, Elliot Park Recreation Center, Minneapolis

Sept. 14, 2023: In-person meetings, Rondo Community Library, St. Paul

Transit study public meetings

Oct. 12, 2022: In-person public meeting

Oct. 11, 2022: Virtual public meeting

• Virtual and in-person meeting summary

Public information meetings and Community Conversations

Nov. 17, 2021: Rethinking I-94 Community Conversations - This presentation was given in English with live Karen translation.

• The webinar included a 15-minute informational presentation followed by a 45-minute question, answer, and community feedback session.
• Presentation and conversation summary (PDF)

Nov. 17, 2021: Rethinking I-94 Community Conversations - This presentation was given in English with live Hmong translation.

• The webinar included a 15-minute informational presentation followed by a 45-minute question, answer, and community feedback session.
• Presentation and conversation summary (PDF)

Nov. 16, 2021: Rethinking I-94 Community Conversations - This presentation was given in English with live English with Somali translation.

• The webinar included a 15-minute informational presentation followed by a 45-minute question, answer, and community feedback session.
• Presentation and conversation summary (PDF)

Nov. 16, 2021: Rethinking I-94 Community Conversations - This presentation was given in English with live English with Spanish translation.

• The webinar included a 15-minute informational presentation followed by a 45-minute question, answer, and community feedback session.
• Presentation and conversation summary (PDF)

Public meeting accommodations

MnDOT invites and encourages participation by all people in their programs, services and activities. If you need an ASL, a foreign language interpreter, or documents in an alternative format (such as braille, large print or in a different language) at no cost, please email your request to Janet Miller at ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us(External link) or call 651-366-4720. Relay service: 711.

If you need any other reasonable accommodation to participate (such as seating modification or auxiliary aids), please email your request to Accessibility.DOT@state.mn.us(External link) or call 1-833-400-8432. Relay service: 711.

Overview

In July 2023, Rethinking I-94 reached a significant milestone by releasing alternatives to the public. These alternatives combine highway and transit ideas and include details like the roadway design, number of lanes, transit services, and potential stop locations. These alternatives are preliminary and will be further developed based on feedback and additional technical input.

There is no preferred alternative yet, as the current drafts will be refined as the project progresses and more information is gathered. The goal is to determine the best options to meet the transportation needs of the communities and businesses along I-94.

The provided graphics offer a general overview of the roadway but may vary based on location and available space for construction. They are conceptual and do not represent the final design or scale of the project. The graphics mainly illustrate the number of lanes and transit choices for a small section of the corridor.

Details such as overpasses, intersections, ramps, frontage roads, parking, landscaping, and corridor enhancements have not been finalized and will be addressed later in the process.

Public engagement

From June to November of 2023, MnDOT hosted in-person and virtual public meetings, conducted an online survey, met with partners, community-based organizations and other key stakeholders, and attended multiple community events to collect public feedback on the alternatives. Feedback received will be used to refine and further develop alternatives. You can review a summary of the public engagement efforts that took place following the release of the alternatives. A formal public comment period is expected to be announced later in 2024. You can still review the alternatives and share your thoughts by emailing rethinkingI94project.dot@state.mn.us.  

Alternatives survey responder demographics

The Rethinking I-94 online survey was open from July - October 2023. The survey was designed for community members and stakeholders to provide open-ended feedback on the 10 alternatives MnDOT presented in July 2023. Responders were asked a series of questions about their personal background such as zip code, age, gender, and race. This summary presents the survey results broken down by demographics for further insights. Please note people could complete the survey without providing their demographic information. As a result, there are inconsistencies in the number of responders across the various questions and categories.

General Maintenance, Maintenance – A, and Maintenance – B

• General Maintenance, Maintenance – A, and Maintenance – B information sheet (PDF)

General Maintenance (No Build): I-94 would remain as is. Existing transit service would continue.

Maintenance A: Maintain the existing infrastructure. Existing transit service would continue.

Maintenance B: Replace the existing infrastructure to current standards with consistent shoulders. This would allow transit to run on bus shoulders between downtown Minneapolis and downtown St. Paul.

General Maintenance, Maintenance - A, and Maintenance - B

Roadway type: Keeps a freeway with the same number of travel lanes.

Number of travel lanes: No changes from existing. Varies between three and four lanes in both directions.

Transit: No change from current service (Route 94 express bus). Maintenance B would extend bus shoulders to match conditions prior to I-35W bridge collapse.

Access changes: No changes from existing.

Pedestrian and bicycle: No major changes from existing. All crossings of I-94 would be a bridge – either pedestrian/bicycle-only or a roadway with pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes). With Maintenance B, some new/improved facilities could be provided if bridges are replaced.

General Maintenance, Maintenance A

• The freeway would not be reconstructed. Maintenance A would allow for more in-depth maintenance activities.
• The overall number of lanes would not change. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Existing express bus transit service (Metro Transit Route 94) would continue.
• No changes to pedestrian or bicycle facilities.
• No changes to interchanges or ramps along the freeway.

Maintenance B

• The freeway would be reconstructed with the same number of lanes.
• Existing express bus transit service (Metro Transit Route 94) would continue. Current bus shoulders would be extended to connect downtown Minneapolis and downtown St. Paul.
• Some new/improved pedestrian or bicycle facilities could be provided if bridges are replaced.
• No changes to interchanges or ramps along the freeway.

At-Grade – A

• At-Grade – A information sheet (PDF)

This concept involves the removal of the existing freeway, filling in the corridor, and constructing a new at-grade roadway. It also features dedicated bus rapid transit (BRT) lanes in the center with three stops.

Roadway type: Removes the freeway (and Interstate designation within project area). Constructs at-grade roadway in same location.

Number of travel lanes: 2 lanes in each direction for all vehicles and 1 dedicated bus rapid transit (BRT) lane in each direction in the center of the roadway.

Transit: BRT in dedicated lanes in the center of the roadway with 3 stops (Locations to be determined).

Access changes: Current interchanges, on/off ramp locations, and other bridges and underpasses would be converted to intersections with the new roadway (intersection designs to be determined). Some bridges for cross traffic may remain due to the elevations of existing roadways. Frontage roads/side streets may be modified or removed.

Pedestrian and bicycle: Most crossings would be “at-grade” (people would use crosswalks to get across the lanes of traffic) because current bridges and underpasses would be converted to intersections. Pedestrian/bicycle bridges over the road may be possible in some areas. Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes) along the north and/or south sides of the new roadway. Specific changes are to be determined.

At-Grade - A

• The freeway would be removed and replaced with a road that would have 2 lanes for all vehicles and 1 dedicated transit lane (for buses only) in both directions.
• The overall number of lanes is reduced in some areas of the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in the dedicated lanes in the center of the roadway.
• There would likely be a mix of at-grade pedestrian and bicycle crossings (people would use crosswalks to get across the lanes of traffic) and pedestrian/bicycle bridges depending on the location.
• New pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities are possible.
• Current interchanges and most crossing locations would be converted to intersections.
• In some locations a bridge for railroad crossings, pedestrian and bicycle facilities, or local roadways may remain due to the terrain.
• Current frontage roads/side streets may be removed or incorporated into the at-grade design.

At-Grade – B

• At-Grade – B information sheet (PDF)

This concept involves the removal of the existing freeway, filling in the corridor, and constructing a new at-grade roadway. It also features dedicated bus rapid transit (BRT) lanes on the outside of the roadway with three stops.

Roadway type: Removes the freeway (and Interstate designation within project area). Constructs at-grade roadway in same location.

Number of travel lanes: 2 lanes in each direction for all vehicles and 1 dedicated bus rapid transit (BRT) lane in each direction on the outside of the roadway.

Transit: BRT in dedicated lanes on the outside of the roadway with 3 stops (Locations to be determined).

Access changes: Current interchanges, on/off ramp locations, and other bridges and underpasses would be converted to intersections with the new roadway (intersection designs to be determined). Some bridges for cross traffic may remain due to the elevations of existing roadways. Frontage roads/side streets may be modified or removed.

Pedestrian and bicycle: Most crossings would be “at-grade” (people would use crosswalks to get across the lanes of traffic) because current bridges and underpasses would be converted to intersections. Pedestrian/bicycle bridges over the road may be possible in some areas. Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes) along the north and/or south sides of the new roadway. Specific changes are to be determined.

At-Grade - B

• The freeway would be removed and replaced with a road that would have 2 lanes for all vehicles and 1 dedicated transit lane (for buses only) in both directions.
• The overall number of lanes is reduced in some areas of the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in the dedicated lanes on the outside of the roadway.
• There would likely be a mix of at-grade pedestrian and bicycle crossings (people would use crosswalks to get across the lanes of traffic) and pedestrian/bicycle bridges depending on the location.
• New pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities are possible.
• Current interchanges and most crossing locations would be converted to intersections.
• In some locations a bridge for railroad crossings, pedestrian and bicycle facilities, or local roadways may remain due to the terrain.
• Current frontage roads/side streets may be removed or incorporated into the at-grade design.

Local/Regional Roadways – A

• Local/Regional Roadways – A information sheet (PDF)

This concept features a separation into two roadway systems, providing a separate local traffic roadway and freeway space for through trips. The local system provides transportation options for local traffic, while the regional system offers limited access for regional traffic and includes transit on the shoulder.

Roadway type: Keeps a reduced size freeway. Constructs local roadways on both sides.

Number of travel lanes: Freeway: 2 lanes in each direction for all vehicles and 1 bus shoulder with BRT in each direction. Local Roadways: 1 lane in each direction for all vehicles (on both sides of freeway).

Transit: Transit in bus shoulders on the freeway (Stop locations to be determined). Local bus route changes to be determined.

Access changes: Access changes to be determined. Interchanges will be limited and some will be removed. Potential to modify interchanges in some locations including on/off ramp changes or removal. Potential changes to frontage roads/side streets may occur in some locations.

Pedestrian and bicycle: To be determined. All crossings of I-94 would be a bridge – either pedestrian/bicycle-only or a roadway with pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes). Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities on roads that go east-west (like I-94) to the north or south of I-94 since bicyclists and pedestrians are not allowed on Interstate routes.

Local/Regional Roadways - A

• The freeway would be reconstructed and narrowed to have 2 general purpose lanes (all vehicles can use) and a bus shoulder in both directions.
• Two-way local streets will be constructed on each side of the freeway, with speed limits expected to be lower than the freeway.
• Current frontage roads/side streets may be removed or incorporated into the local roadway design.
• The overall number of freeway lanes is reduced throughout the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in the bus shoulders on the regional system. Local bus route changes to be determined.
• Current pedestrian facilities would be improved, and additional pedestrian and bicycle crossings will be considered.
• New pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities along the new local roadways are possible.
• Current interchanges along the freeway would be modified or removed to improve mobility and safety. Most existing on/off ramps along the freeway would be removed.

Reduced Freeway – A

• Reduced Freeway – A information sheet (PDF)

This concept involves rebuilding the existing freeway to include 2 general purpose lanes and 1 managed lane with bus rapid transit (BRT) in each direction. The BRT system could include up to three stops along the managed lane.

Roadway type: Keeps a freeway. Reduces the number of travel lanes.

Number of travel lanes: 2 lanes in each direction for all vehicles and 1 managed lane in each direction (for buses, people that carpool, and those willing to pay).

Transit: Bus rapid transit (BRT) in managed lanes with no stops; 1 stop at Snelling Ave; or 3 stops at 25th/27th Ave, Snelling Ave, and Dale St (Final locations to be determined).

Access changes: Access changes to be determined. Potential to modify interchanges in some locations including on/off ramp changes or removal. Potential changes to frontage roads/side streets may occur in some locations.

Pedestrian and bicycle: To be determined. All crossings of I-94 would be a bridge – either pedestrian/bicycle-only or a roadway with pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes). Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities on roads that go east-west (like I-94) to the north or south of I-94 (frontage roads) since bicyclists and pedestrians are not allowed on Interstate routes.

Reduced Freeway - A

• The freeway would be reconstructed to have 2 general purpose lanes (all vehicles can use) and 1 managed lane (for buses, those that carpool, and those willing to pay) in both directions. Outside of peak hours, managed lanes operate as general purpose lanes.
• The overall number of lanes is reduced throughout the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in the managed lanes.
• Current pedestrian facilities would be improved, and additional pedestrian and bicycle crossings will be considered.
• Interchanges and ramps along the freeway would be studied to improve mobility and safety.

Reconfigure Freeway – A

• Reconfigure Freeway – A information sheet (PDF)

This concept involves rebuilding the existing freeway to include 3 general purpose lanes and 1 managed lane with bus rapid transit (BRT) in each direction. The BRT system could include up to three stops along the managed lane.

Roadway type: Keeps a freeway. Changes the type of travel lanes available.

Number of travel lanes: 3 lanes in each direction for all vehicles and 1 managed lane in each direction (for buses, people that carpool, and those willing to pay).

Transit: Bus rapid transit (BRT) in managed lanes with no stops; 1 stop at Snelling Ave; or 3 stops at 25th/27th Ave, Snelling Ave, and Dale St (Final locations to be determined).

Access changes: Access changes to be determined. Potential to modify interchanges in some locations including on/off ramp changes or removal. Potential changes to frontage roads/side streets may occur in some locations.

Pedestrian and bicycle: To be determined. All crossings of I-94 would be a bridge – either pedestrian/bicycle-only or a roadway with pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes). Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities on roads that go east-west (like I-94) to the north or south of I-94 (frontage roads) since bicyclists and pedestrians are not allowed on Interstate routes.

Reconfigure Freeway - A

• The freeway would be reconstructed to have 3 general purpose lanes (all vehicles can use) and 1 managed lane (for buses, those that carpool, and those willing to pay) in both directions. Outside of peak hours, managed lanes operate as general purpose lanes.
• The overall number of lanes stays the same throughout the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in the managed lanes.
• Current pedestrian facilities would be improved, and additional pedestrian and bicycle crossings will be considered.
• Interchanges and ramps along the freeway would be studied to improve mobility and safety.

Expanded Freeway – A

• Expanded Freeway – A information sheet (PDF)

This concept involves rebuilding the existing freeway and adding 1 managed lane with bus rapid transit (BRT) in each direction. The BRT system could include up to three stops along the managed lane. The total number of lanes will vary because the current number of lanes also varies.

Roadway type: Keeps a freeway. Adds a new managed lane.

Number of travel lanes: 3-4 lanes in each direction for all vehicles and 1 managed lane in each direction (for buses, people that carpool, and those willing to pay).

Transit: Bus rapid transit (BRT) in managed lanes with no stops; 1 stop at Snelling Ave; or 3 stops at 25th/27th Ave, Snelling Ave, and Dale St (Final locations to be determined).

Access changes: Access changes to be determined. Potential to modify interchanges in some locations including on/off ramp changes or removal. Potential changes to frontage roads/side streets may occur in some locations.

Pedestrian and bicycle: To be determined. All crossings of I-94 would be a bridge – either pedestrian/bicycle-only or a roadway with pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes). Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities on roads that go east-west (like I-94) to the north or south of I-94 (frontage roads) since bicyclists and pedestrians are not allowed on Interstate routes.

Expanded Freeway - A

• The freeway would be reconstructed to have 3-4 general purpose lanes (all vehicles can use) and 1 managed lane (for buses, those that carpool, and those willing to pay) in both directions. The managed lane would be an addition to the current number of lanes. Outside of peak hours, managed lanes operate as general purpose lanes.
• The overall number of lanes will increase by 1 throughout the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in the managed lanes.
• Current pedestrian facilities would be improved, and additional pedestrian and bicycle crossings will be considered.
• Interchanges and ramps along the freeway would be studied to improve mobility and safety.

Expanded Freeway – B

• Expanded Freeway – B information sheet (PDF)

This concept involves rebuilding the existing freeway and adding 1 new lane (for all vehicles) and extending the bus shoulder along the entire corridor in each direction. The total number of lanes will increase.

Roadway type: Keeps a freeway. Adds a new lane for all vehicles and extends bus shoulders.

Number of travel lanes: 4-5 lanes in each direction for all vehicles.

Transit: Bus shoulders between downtown Minneapolis and downtown St. Paul with 1 stop at Snelling Ave.

Access changes: Access changes to be determined. Potential to modify interchanges in some locations including on/off ramp changes or removal. Potential changes to frontage roads/side streets may occur in some locations.

Pedestrian and bicycle: To be determined. All crossings of I-94 would be a bridge – either pedestrian/bicycle-only or a roadway with pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities (such as a trail, sidewalk, or bike lanes). Potential to include pedestrian and/or bicycle facilities on roads that go east-west (like I-94) to the north or south of I-94 (frontage roads) since bicyclists and pedestrians are not allowed on Interstate routes.

Expanded Freeway - B

• The freeway would be reconstructed to have 4-5 general purpose lanes (all vehicles can use) and a consistent shoulder in both directions..
• The overall number of lanes will increase by 1 throughout the project corridor. Currently the number of general purpose lanes varies between 3 and 4 in both directions.
• Transit will operate in bus shoulders. Current bus shoulders would be extended to connect downtown Minneapolis and downtown St. Paul.
• Current pedestrian facilities would be improved, and additional pedestrian and bicycle crossings will be considered.
• Interchanges and ramps along the freeway would be studied to improve mobility and safety.

Rethinking I-94 Evaluation Criteria

Evaluation criteria have been developed for the Scoping Decision Document (SDD) and Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) phases of Rethinking I-94. This is the first step of the alternative evaluation process. The criteria used in the SDD and Tier 1 EIS have been developed concurrently for review and general agreement. Following the Scoping phase, the Tier 1 EIS evaluation will be reassessed to refine criteria as needed.

Groups and categories

There are four main groups of criteria with several categories under each. The four main groups and categories include:

1. Purpose and need
   1. Walkability and bikeabilty-comfort, mobility and risks for people walking, bicycling and rolling
   2. Safety for people in motorized vehicles-cars freight, and transit
   3. Infrastructure condition-state of repair
   4. Mobility for people in motorized vehicles-cars, freight, and transit
2. Social, economic, and environmental (SEE)
   1. Environmental justice
   2. Historic/archaeological/cemetery
   3. Section 4(f) (recreational resources)
   4. Section 6 (f) (recreational resources with special federal funding)
   5. Contaminated properties
   6. Right of way
   7. Noise
   8. Water pollution/stormwater
   9. Air quality
   10. Threatened & endangered species
   11. Wetlands
3. Livability framework (project goals)
   1. Sense of place
   2. Equity
   3. Economic vitality
   4. Public health and the environment
   5. Connectivity
4. Additional considerations
   1. Cost
   2. Maintenance
   3. Consistency with adopted state and regional plans

Measures

For each subcategory, at least one criteria and measure has been identified to evaluate whether the alternative addresses the purpose and need, impacts SEE resources, or is consistent with the Livability framework. Measurements include a mixture of quantitative and qualitative assessments. For measures with minimum standards, minimum performance criteria have been identified based on MnDOT or FHWA standards. Many of the standards and performance criteria have been documented in subject area technical memos.

Purpose and need, SEE impact items, and goals will be evaluated by either comparing the alternative to the No Build or based on the subcategory’s performance measure. For example, Person Throughput (the number of people who pass a specific point in a defined timeframe) will be calculated for each alternative and documented as to whether it is higher, equal to, or lower than the No Build Alternative.

Evaluation process

Alternatives will first be screened during the SDD Phase to determine whether they have “fatal flaws.” Alternatives with fatal flaws may not be technically or economically feasible, or they may result in SEE impacts that cannot be mitigated. For alternatives that do not have fatal flaws, the evaluation process will be first based upon the ability of an alternative to address the purpose and need criteria. Those that do not pass this screening will be eliminated as they are not “reasonable” alternatives. Alternatives that address the purpose and need will continue forward and will be further evaluated to understand the potential for and magnitude of impacts to SEE resources within the corridor. These impacts will be documented, and alternatives will then be evaluated to determine whether they address the goals and Livability Framework pillars identified in Rethinking I-94 Phase 1 along with several Additional Considerations.

Alternatives in the SDD Phase that best address the purpose and need evaluation criteria, minimize SEE impacts, and perform favorably in terms of goals & Livability and Additional Considerations will move into the Tier 1 EIS. Tier 1 will use the identified criteria and measures to evaluate the remaining alternatives in greater detail. Because more design information will be available, additional purpose and need, SEE impacts, goals (Livability), and additional considerations measures will be incorporated to include items that were not expected to have substantial differences between alternatives in the SDD Phase. Evaluation in the Tier 1 EIS will first be based on addressing purpose and need criteria, followed by minimizing SEE impacts, and then meeting project goals and additional considerations. At the end of the Tier 1 process, an alternative that establishes the corridor footprint will be selected and a program of projects will be developed.

The following flow charts are of step 1 and 2 of this process.

Step 1: Scoping Decision Document (SDD) Phase

Step 2: Tier 1 EIS Phase

Topics not addressed in the Evaluation Criteria

Due to limitations in design detail and existing procedures, there are a variety of topics that are not part of the evaluation criteria or included at this phase of evaluation. In some cases, this is because the level of detail in the design at this stage prevents full investigation of the alternative. In other instances, certain interests are addressed by existing MnDOT standard procedures, and will be implemented where feasible regardless of the selected alternative. More detailed aspects of design and evaluation will be addressed during project implementation in the Tier 2 process for Rethinking I-94.

Community histories

A part of Rethinking I-94’s environmental review process is to evaluate the effects to historic properties. This evaluation is required by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. One of the first steps in the Section 106 process is to develop historic contexts for areas impacted by a project. More information on this process is available on our Cultural Resources Unit website.

Previously, most studies left gaps in the history of neighborhoods, trends, and groups in the area. Most existing historic contexts stop shortly after World War II and do not address the resource types and architectural styles developed from the post-war period to the present. Existing studies also focus primarily on white, Euro-American history with little to no mention of other racial, ethnic, and social communities. A priority of the Rethinking I-94 historic contexts is to address those gaps, creating a more inclusive understanding of the area’s history and what resources may be eligible for the National Register. The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation's historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America's historic and archeological resources.

Report and summaries

We have written community histories that are more inclusive than past documentation. The community histories report is available for reading in individual chapters or short summaries. The contexts are separated into individual sections. Some are geographically based and discuss the historic development of specific neighborhoods. Others are thematic and cover a resource type or community history across the area.

MnDOT’s Cultural Resources Unit will be using the histories in future project review steps. We hope the community histories are also useful for the public, cities, counties, and others interested in better understanding the histories of the communities near I-94.

Some facts from the histories

The following items are just a few highlighted facts.

University Avenue at Vandalia Avenue in 1953, with four travel lanes and paired streetcar tracks set in cobblestone ("University Avenue at Vandalia Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota," 1953. Collection of the Minnesota Streetcar Museum

• At the dawn of the automobile era, a heavily used street in Minneapolis and Saint Paul might be surfaced with brick, concrete, asphalt, or cobblestone, but side streets might not be paved. The rapid rise of the automobile – from approximately 55,000 nationwide in 1904 to one-half million in 1910—helped to catalyze county, state, and eventually federal efforts to create better roads. Read more in the Transportation chapter.

• The Cedar Riverside neighborhood is historically one of the most diverse neighborhoods in the Twin Cities. Originally the port of entry for an influx of Scandinavian immigrants, the neighborhood has maintained its status as an immigrant hub since the late nineteenth century. Today is home to a sizeable Somali population. Read more in the Cedar Riverside chapter.
• Union Park began not as a residential neighborhood but as an amusement park. In the early 1880s, businessmen Herman Grote and John O. Hinkel saw an opportunity to create a picturesque “pleasure resort” that “could be reached at any and all hours of the day, and which combined natural beauty and attractions with the conveniences of the city. The development had a 33-acre park with a dance pavilion, bandstand, and many attractions and events. At the height of its popularity, it boasted a one-day attendance of 10,000 visitors. Read more in the Union Park District chapter.
• The American Indian Movement—a nationwide civil rights movement was founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Read more in the American Indians in the Twin Cities chapter.
• Approximately 433 houses were demolished and 300 businesses were closed or torn down in the Rondo neighborhood for the construction of I-94, and 72 percent of those were owned or occupied by Black people. Read more in the Rondo chapter.

Rondo Commemorative Plaza (4RM+ULA)

• The Minnesota Historical Society nominated Milwaukee Avenue to be included on the National Register of Historic Places for significance related to architecture and social history. On May 2, 1974, the street was officially designated as a place of national significance as the Milwaukee Avenue Historic District. Read more in the Seward chapter.

House at 2125 Milwaukee Avenue in the Milwaukee Avenue Historic District, looking southeast, 2015. On the lefthand side of the image, two pedestrian walkways flank either side of what used to be East Twenty-second Street bisecting the district.

• By 1882, Westminster Presbyterian Church in downtown Minneapolis was one of the largest Presbyterian churches in the United States at nearly two thousand members. Read more in the Places of Worship chapter.
• During World War II, the Saint Anthony Park area was vital in manufacturing and shipping wartime products. As the war ended, construction boomed once more. Glendenning Motorways opened a new truck terminal at Pelham and Wabash Avenues. By 1951, the Midway Club estimated that more than fifty motor freight companies were in the district, as well as garages and service facilities to maintain the truck fleets. Read more in the St. Anthony Park chapter.
• Most nineteenth-century development in the western part of the Study Area was single-family houses and or duplexes. Duplexes are widespread on the 1912 Sanborn maps. As the population of Minneapolis increased rapidly from the late nineteenth century onward, new higher-density apartment buildings helped meet demand. The apartment construction boom began around the turn of the century and continued until the start of the Great Depression. Prior to 1890, nearly 90 percent of Minneapolitans lived in single-family homes or duplexes; by 1930, the number of multi-family units had increased sevenfold, and more than 18 percent of the city’s residents lived in apartments. Read more in the Minneapolis Neighborhoods before the Interstate chapter.
• The funeral industry was a path for Black entrepreneurs to own their own businesses and become community leaders during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Multiple Black-owned funeral homes in Minneapolis and Saint Paul were operated by married couples, making this field one of the few avenues for Black women to lead businesses. Read more in the Black History in the I-94 Corridor chapter.

Bird’s eye view of South Minneapolis in 1879, looking southwest from a point above the University of Minnesota’s East Bank Campus across the Mississippi River toward the intersection of Franklin Avenue (green) and Cedar Avenue (purple), with Riverside Avenue (red) in the foreground; the approximate Study Area is shaded in yellow (J.J. Stoner, “View of South Minneapolis, 1879,” [Madison, Wis: Beck and Pauli, 1879].

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Rondo neighborhood historic field study

Purpose of historic field surveys

Federal laws require agencies to consider historic properties for any project using federal funds. You can learn more about this regulation by reviewing A Citizen’s Guide to Section 106 Review. For Rethinking I-94, MnDOT needs to know where the historic properties are along I-94. Historians identified the Rondo neighborhood as an area that needs more study due to its unique history and the impacts the construction of I-94 had on the community in the 1960s. The information collected during the historic field survey will help guide the development of alternatives for I-94. MnDOT’s Cultural Resources Unit (CRU) is leading this historic field survey.

Information for community partners and residents

Reconnect Rondo, the Rondo Roundtable, the Saint Paul Heritage Preservation Commission, the State Historic Preservation Office, and Saint Paul public services were informed of the historic field survey. MnDOT staff mailed postcards to residents in the Rondo neighborhood and placed posters at community locations to raise awareness of the field survey.

Next steps

Architectural historians will use the information they gathered during this historic field survey to further develop a historic context, or a history of the neighborhood, for the area. The historic context will help us determine if the neighborhood is potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Understanding the neighborhood better will also help CRU staff inform the Rethinking I-94 process as alternatives are being evaluated.

MnDOT will not list properties on the National Register during this process. If you are interested in listing your own house or building, contact the Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office. For local designation information, contact the Saint Paul Heritage Preservation Commission.

Contacts

For more information, contact Barbara Howard with MnDOT's Cultural Resources Unit at barbara.howard@state.mn.us or 651-366-3636.

A summary of the revised Rethinking I-94 Draft Purpose and Need document is available.

• Rethinking I-94 Phase 2 – Draft Purpose and Need Summary10-07-2022 (PDF)

  
  

Background

Rethinking I-94 is guided by the Purpose and Need Statement, Evaluation Criteria, and Statement of Goals.

The Purpose and Need Statement explains why MnDOT is undertaking this project and its objectives. It provides the basis for developing evaluation criteria, identifying a range of alternatives, and later selecting the preferred alternative.

The Evaluation Criteria are used to measure whether an alternative meets the project purpose and need and to measure social, economic, and environmental (SEE) impacts of an alternative.

The Statement of Goals is an avenue for MnDOT to incorporate its Livability Framework in the evaluation of alternatives. The Statement of Goals was created through community engagement and is not mandated by law. Nonetheless, the goals are important for developing and screening alternatives.

Identified goals

Beyond addressing identified transportation needs, the improvements will support broader community goals identified in Phase 1, which include:

• Incorporate the Livability Framework through the process to identify opportunities for establishing the following for the communities that live, work, gather, and play around the corridor:
  1. A sense of place
  2. Connectivity
  3. Economic vitality
  4. Equity
  5. Safety/security
  6. Public health and the environment
• Developing and executing a community-based approach focused on reconnecting neighborhoods, revitalizing communities, and ensuring residents have a meaningful voice in transportation decisions that affect their lives.

The statement of goals is a guiding document for developing and evaluating alternatives. Goals play a key role in advancing the vision of surrounding communities. They help identify additional interests beyond transportation that may require collaboration with partner agencies like the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, as well as Hennepin and Ramsey Counties.

Transportation improvements are expected to align with the Livability Framework, enhancing community connections for all modes of travel. These improvements aim to make traveling easier and safer for people and goods along the corridor. Projects may also offer opportunities for aesthetic enhancements that contribute to the area's sense of place. These activities will mainly occur later in the process, as MnDOT is currently focusing on developing a high-level corridor vision with limited design details.

Apart from leading I-94 transportation improvements, MnDOT will support initiatives driven by community and agency partners to achieve broader livability goals related to connectivity, economic vitality, equity, public health, environment, safety, sense of place, and trust.

Learn more about the Livability Framework developed in the Rethinking I-94 Phase 1 report (PDF).